05 Qutub Shahi

• Travelers
  • Athenacius.
  • Selueues Nicator.
• From -1512 AD
  • They ruled for 175 years.
• Golkonda as its capital.
• After the fall of vijayanagara empire in 1565 Ad the ruler of shahi covered entire andhra.
• 1685 shahi dynasty merged into mughal dynasty.
• Ruled between 1512 and 1687 AD
  • 7 rulers belongs to shiate sect of muslims.

Sultan Quli Qutub Shah (1512-1543AD)

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• came from - Handam. (southern iran) in central asia
• ethinicity - Turkamas tribe of qara quyunlu
• lost to Akunar Race
• Mohammad Nagar to Golconda.
• came to India to establish trade (horse) with bahamani sultan during Mohammed shah -III(1463-1482 C.E) . Soon he became great warrior and gave him a tittle - Qutub-Ul-Mulk.
• The new sultan "shihabuddin Mahmood". quli qutub shah protect the new sultan from the murder attempt.
• He made as Tarafdar(1492C.E) equal to governor by Mohammad Shah, when the Badami dynasty became weak in 1513 AD. He declared Golconda as his capital and he as an independent ruler.
• Contemporary of - Saluvanarasimharaya and sri krishna deva raya of vijayanagara empire.
• Warangal sitapati or shitab khan was defeated by quli qutub shah in the battle of Khammamet.
• Saw the weakness in Vijayanagara Kingdom declared war and got most of the regions.
• Tittle from Hindus - "Bade Malik" - good ruler.
• Equal importance to Hindus in his courts.
• Ramaraya worked as cheif of army for some time.
• Murdered by his third son Jamshed of the age of 99.

Jamsheed (1543-1550AD)

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• Good Administrator but cruel and brutal.
• Daulat and Ibrahim his brothers tried to dethrone him but failed. Ibrahim fled to vijanagaram and lived there for 5 years(in the court of Aliya Rama Raya)
• The sultans of ahmednagar, and bijapur and the king of vijayanagara attacked golconda during this period.
• "kamaluddin Ardistani" also know as Mustafa khan was his capable minister.
• Vakil, peshwa and Mir Jumla posts were created for the first time.
• In 1550 C.E - Jamsheed died with cancer diseases.
• Ibrahim came back to golconda and killed his brothers 2 year son burtally.

Ibrahim Qutub shah (1550-1580 AD)

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• capable courageous and good administrator.
• Contemporary of "Akbar"
  • Diplomatic relations with mughals
• Religious tolerance
  • called him "Urdu chajar" father of urdu.
• Praised by scholars as "malkibhavama" - partonisation of many telugu poet.
• Battle of Rakshasi-Tangadi(1565C.E)
  • Against the vijayanagara army
  • Led to the unification of deccani sultans.
• constructions -
  • Border wall around golkonda.
  • Phool bhag gardens
  • Ibrahim patnam tank and hussainsagar.
  • 1st bridge over Moosi river.
  • Purana pool - across the river moosi.
• Poets
  • Kandukuri Rudrakavi
    • Niram kushapakyanam.
    • Sugreeva vijayam.
    • Rentachintala Agraharam was donated to him by him.
  • Addanki Gangadhara - Tapathi samvarano pakhyanam.
  • Ponnekanti telaganaryudu - yayati charitra.
• Died in 1580C.E.

Dealing with vijayanagara

• Conspiracy and Power Shift:
  • Conspirators were put to death; leader Jagadeva Rao escaped.
  • Ibrahim faced a conspiracy to replace him with his brother Daulat Quli.
  • Initially friendly relations with Rama Raya soured over time due to conflicting interests.
  • Developments in Bijapur, especially Ali Adil Shah's ascension in 1558, shifted Golconda's policy towards hostility with Vijayanagar.
• Political Maneuvering:
  • Jagadeva Rao induced Ahmad Nagar to cede forts to Vijayanagar.
  • Ibrahim sued for peace, sending Mustafa Khan to Rama Raya, leading to Vijayanagar occupying several Golconda forts.
  • A peace treaty was made, returning the forts to Ahmad Nagar.
• Treaty and Alliances:
  • The Treaty of 1565 marked Telangana's zenith, limiting Hussain Nizam Shah's power and dominating Ali Adil Shah of Bijapur.
  • Ibrahim sought to recover lost territories through alliances with fellow Muslim rulers, marrying Hussain Nizam Shah's daughter.
• Battle of Talikota and Aftermath:
  • Preparations for Jihad against Vijayanagar.
  • In the Battle of Talikota (1565), Vijayanagar was defeated, and Rama Raya was killed.
  • Post-Talikota, dissension arose among Muslim rulers.
  • Under Murtuza Nizam Shah, relations between Golconda and Ahmad Nagar deteriorated.
  • Nizam Shah's forces ravaged Kovilakonda and Ghanapuram.
  • Ibrahim sent 20,000 troops under Salbat Khan, successfully driving Ahmad Nagar forces from Telangana and ceding Panagal, Kovilakonda, and Ghanapuram to Vijayanagar.
• North cosatal andhra conquest
  • Generals Malik khan and Rafat khan
    • occupied Rajahmundry and kasimkota
• Rayalaseema
  • 1578 occupied Ahobhilam and Udayagiri.
  • The commander in cheif Haider khan - 1579 occupied kondavidu, vinukonda and warangal

Mohammed Quli Qutub Shah (1580-1612 AD)

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• Third son of Ibrahim
• Became king at 15 yrs of age
• Friendly relationship with Mughal.
• Venkatall from vijayanagarm tried to attack golconda but the golconda officer at kondavidu spoiled the attempt.
• He invaded vijayanagaram
  • captured
    • kurnool
    • gutti
    • Udayagiri
    • Gandikota
    • Penugonda.
• He gave his sister "chandsultana(Malik e - Jahan)" to Ibrahim Adilshah (they are Adilshahi sultan).
• Takirkhan his commander helped chand Bibi against Akbar.
• Battle of sonepat - Deccani sultan forced faced set back in the battle
• Mulghal (akbar) diplomat, Masood Baig was well received by the emperor.
• He allowed english trading companies.
• Great scholar , books on deccan urdu.
• city of hyderabad was built in his reign around 1511 AD
• Constructed
  • Charminar - Eradication of Plague
  • chandra mahal
    • Chaar Kamaan.
    • Jama Majjid.
    • Darulshifa.
    • Dadmahal.
    • Gagan Mahal.
• Sarangu Tammayya wrote the vijayanti vilasam.
• Died at the age of 48.
• His only daughter
  • Hayat baksh Begum
    • married to Sultan Muhammad Quli.
    • 1612 Muhammed quli qutub shah died due to illness.
    • Muhammad quli became the ruler in 1612
• Friendly relations with persia.
• The "Globe" british merchant ship came to machilipatnam in 1611.
• 1605 Akbar died, so the successors made many attacks on golconda and by 1687 C.E it became weak.

Sultan Mohammad qutub shah (1612-1626 AD)

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• Good administrator peace loving person, people lived happily.
• Travelers - bernior and trevernier.
• Several persian poets.
• Mohammad Mumeen wrote
  • Risala Mikdariya - on weight and measurements.
• Doctor - hakim Takimuddin wrote book.
  • Mijanut Tabai Qutub Shahi.
• Constructions
  • Khairatabad Majid - Hyderabad.
  • Foundation to Mecca Majid. 1617
  • 1617 constructing building of sultan nagar
• Pothuluru Virabrahmendra swami.

Abdullah Qutub Shah (1626-1672AD)

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• Eldest son of Muhammed qutub shah.
• take over at 12 years old.
• ruled for 45 years
• Kingdom extended during his rule and mughals put immense pressure on the golconda.
  • 1636 and 1656 mulghal attacked the kingdom and they had to paid huge indemnity to the mughals.
• Dutch annexed santhan, English stopped paying taxes in Machilipatnam and Chennapatnam.
• Razak kuli Nekanm Khan suppressed and taken control over them.
• Abdullah died -1672 AD
• Kshetrayya worte - "Mavvapadalu".

Abdul Hasan (Tani shah) (1672-1687AD)

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• Third son in law.
• Also known as Tana shah,
• Last ruler.
• Mugha attacked on Golconda
  • After 8 months of war.
  • In 1687 a traitor opened the golconda fortress gates .
  • Abdul taken as prisoner first to Bidar and then to Daulatabad he died there after 12 year in prison.
  • Jan sapar khan the nobles of aurangazeb became governor of bengal.
  • Aurangzeb's Campaigns
    • Post-1680 Developments:
      • After Shivaji's death in 1680, his son Shambhaji continued the Maratha alliance.
      • Aurangzeb was concerned but preoccupied with Afghan uprisings and Rajput wars.
      • After the Rajput war, Aurangzeb moved his army to Aurangabad in 1682.
    • Internal Struggles:
      • Aurangzeb’s son Akbar rebelled and sought refuge with Shambhaji.
      • Shambhaji hesitated in fully supporting Akbar.
    • Annexation Efforts:
      • Aurangzeb realized controlling the Marathas required annexing Bijapur and Golconda.
      • In April 1685, the Mughal army attacked Bijapur, annexing it in September 1686.
      • Abul Hasan of Golconda communicated with Sikandar Adil Shah of Bijapur to coordinate attacks, but their message was intercepted by the Mughals.
      • Aurangzeb sent Prince Alam with a large army against Golconda.
    • Conflicts and Concessions:
      • The Mughal army defeated Golconda forces at Malkhed and plundered Hyderabad.
      • Abul Hasan took refuge in Golconda fort.
      • Aurangzeb offered peace if Abul Hasan dismissed Madanna and Akkanna, surrendered border districts, and paid indemnity.
      • Abul Hasan agreed, and Shah Alam withdrew the Mughal army from Hyderabad.

    Alliance with Shivaji

    • Diplomatic Relations:
      • Madanna forged friendly relations with Shivaji to counter the Mughals.
      • On March 7, 1677, Shivaji visited Hyderabad and signed a treaty with Abul Hasan.
      • Shivaji agreed to help Golconda against Mughal attacks and hand over parts of Carnatic to Abul Hasan.
    • Treaty Terms:
      • Golconda agreed to pay one lakh 'hun' annually to the Maratha King.
      • Shivaji relinquished his demand for Chauth in areas of Golconda bordering Maratha kingdom.
      • Abul Hasan provided financial support to Shivaji for his Thanjavur expedition in 1677, gaining territories formerly under Bijapur's control.
    • Outcome:
      • Madanna successfully established close relations between Golconda and the Marathas, fostering an alliance between the wealthiest Muslim kingdom and the powerful Maratha Hindu kingdom.
• Madanna -Mirjumla (PM) in 1674 - tittle - surya prakarao.
  • M means Main -and Minister so the main minister is prime minister
• Akkanna - cheif of army in 1674.
• A nephew Podili Liganna governor of carnatic.
• Kancharla gopanna - tahsildar of Bhadrachalam - Ramadasu.
  • Misappropriation of revenue to built temple in bhadrachalam.
• Tanisha sent him to jail.
• Tanisha defeated by Aurangazeb and he was made peace agreement
  • Removal of Akkanna and madanna.
• March 1686 while they were going home murder by some muslims heads. Capturing the weakness Aurangazeb annexed the kingdom.