03 Vijayanagara kingdom

• VaST Area
  • Vijayanagara
  • Saluva dynasty
  • Tuluva dynasty
  • Aravind dynasty

Gajapathis

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• During the rule of prataparudra Gajapathi (1497-1538), the kingdom has to pass through many vicissitudes.
• Vijayanagara armies under the leadership of krishnadevaraya, occupied the entire telugu region and procedded upto his capital calcutta.
• No more options to prataparudra gave her daughter to krishna devaraya
• so the telugu land north of the river krishna was given back to gajapathi.
• later Quli Qutub shah 2523-24 conqured the entire Gajapathi kingdom.

Vijayanagara rulers

Harihara -Bukka

sangama dynasty (1336-1485)

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• Sangam dynasty excalidraw
• New city on the southern bank of river tungabhadra opposite anagondi called vijayanagara (city of victory)
• Vidyanagar (city of learning)
• 1st april 1336 in the presence of lord virupaksha celebrated establishment.

Harihara -I

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• Harihara I excalidraw
• Eldest of his five brothers
• son of sangama
• also known as sangama dynasty.
• success
  • occupation of udayagiri
  • Occupied the art of penuganda, hoyasala.
• Their kingdom streching from sea to sea south upto the river krishna.
• The five brother along with their ministers and lieutenants met in 1346 at sringeri, the seat of the pontiff of the Hindu community and celebrated the vijayostasave (festival of victory).
• enemies
  • sultans of madhura.
  • sultans of delhi
  • Bahmani

Bukkaraya -I

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• Hari hara -I passed away in 1356.
• Brother of Harihara bukkaraya succeded him.
• Two decade war and conflict with bahmani. It calms down in the Muhammad II, a man of peace to the Bahmani thrown in 1378.
• conquest of mathura by his son kumara kampana assited by his able generals gopana, saluva Manga.
• Bukka formulated a code of conduct when conflicts arose between vaishnavas and Jains.

Hari Hara-II (1377-1404)

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• Son of Bakkraya-I
• son of Harrihara-II - devaraya appointed on governor of udayagiri.
• Son of Harihar -I virupaksha appointed and defeated the king of ceylon and made him pay a tribute.
• War continued between the Bahmani and Vijayanagar.
• During this period a famine had happend and made lives of people difficult.
• Trading ports
  • Goa, Chaul and Dabhol.
• Devaraya turned towards Reddy Rulers.
• Rachakonda velams tied link with bahmanis and stopped the further expansion.
• Devaraya succeded in conquering in srisailam.

Devarayy -I (1406-1422)

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• Harihara -II died and conflict started between virupaksa -I, Bukka -II and Devaraya -I.
• 16 years was with
  • Bahmans
  • Velamas
  • Reddy of kandavidu
• Extended the boundary walls (AU to Nuniz portuguse channels).
• Passed away in 1422
• His son Ramachandraraya and Vijayaraya didnt do much.

Devaraya - II (1426-1446)

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• Great monarch
• Conquest of kondavidu.
• Arms into kerala
• Quilos - conquered.
• Persian ambassdor
  • Abdur Razzak visited south India and said most of the ports are under the influence of devaraya-II.
• Extended upto ceylon to Gulbarga and from odisha to Malbar.
• Took many muslims into his army.
• Reorganised his arms and gave training in archery.
• Great builder and patron of poets.
• Another two rulers after him, his son mallikarjuna and grand son virupaksha were quite in competant.
• Bahmani declared Jehad (religious war against Vijayanagar).
• Establishment of French ports.

Saluva Dynasty

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• Vijayanagar minister, saluva Narasimha was an able administrator.
• In 1485 he upsurped the throne.

Saluva Narasimha Rayulu

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• Many rebellions
• Died in 1490
• Two sons - left to the narasanayaka of the Taluva dynasty to take care of them.
• Narasanayaka took himself the power as a regent in 1492.
• Narasanayaka died in 1503.
• He established effective administration entire the area.

Tuluva Dynasty

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• Vira Narasimha took the regent and declared the rule of tuluva dynasty in 1505.
• He was succeded by his brother krishna deva raya in 1509.
• During his period Vijayanagara dynasty reached the highest glory.
• Most part was under rebellions (feudatories) and neighbouring enemies.
• With the help of cheif minister, saluva Timmarusa got a reliable standing army.
• He gained control over the amaranayaka(feudatories).

Krishna Devaraya

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• Problems
  • Brahmanis
  • Forces of Bijapur who occupied doab.
• krishna Devaraya occupied doab which was under the control of Bijapur and from then he entered into the Brahmins, who was defeated and made a peace.
• Gajapathi gave his daughter to krishna devaraya.
• Golden age in the history of vijayanagara.
• Great warrior, administration patron of arts, a scholar poet.
• authored Amuktamalayada.
• Great builder.
• Died in 1529.

Achyutaraya

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• Half brother - Achyutaraya to be his succeror by krishna devaraya.
• Ramaraya able general and son in law of krishanadeva raya, proclaimed on infant son of late ruler on a king.
• sharing of power
  • Achyutaraya died in 1542
    • power to infant son of Achyuta raya
      • Sadasivaraya 1543
        • under the control of Ramaraya.
          • Tirumalaraya brother of Ramaraya escaped to vijayanagara and these after to penugonda taking along puppet sadasivaraya and noble family members and 1550 elephants.
  • Infant son - Ramaraya
    • son death leads to power to Achyataraya.
      • Ramaraya - proclaimed achyutaraya brother sadasivarayya as ruler 1543.
        • Interferred and made conflicted between the feudatories and muslim rulers. Realised by them made an alliance and defeated Ramarayya
          • Teritories sultan marched and looted and devastated the entire kingdom.

The Aravind Dynasty

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• After reaching penugonda
• After secured him as defacto ruler (in rule of another hereditary king .
• He imprisoned Sadasivarayya and made him himself as defacto ruler.
• He founded aravind dynasty.
• At the time he was very old and passed away in 1572.
• Divided region into 3 parts based on linguistic pattern for his three sons.
  • Sriranga governed (eldest son) governed the telugu region - from penugonda.
  • Sriramaraya - second kannada region from Sri Rangapatnam.
  • Venkatapati - Third son - Tamil land chandragiri as capital.

Sri ranga Devaraya

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• Demoral sation
• Feudatories joined hands with muslim powers
• Ibrahim Qutubshahi - extended krishna to udayagiri
• Sri ranga raya death
• Son infancy
• Sriramaraya died already.
• So venkatapati raya took the throne.

Venkata Raya -II

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• By 1600 achieved stability under venkatapatiraya.
• Quarrel between Portuguese and dutch.
• At the starting helped Portuguese later helped to Duthc.
• So then dutch built the fort and fortified in pulicot.
• Death in 1614.
• Dominated politics of south for three decades.
• Internecine war (1642-1678)

Sri Ranga Raya -II

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• Talented one
• He appealed to his people and nayakas in the name of temples
• But all his efforts came to vain when their capitals are attracted many cheiftains have to leave them on them own resources.
• Famine stacked the war ridden land and make it most worst.
• Sanga Dynasty
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