01.ap-GEOGRAPHY

#space/ap-geography/02-physical

The land scape of A.P consisting of rock systems form ancient dharwar system to recent pleistocene system

Geologically A.P land mass divided into 3 major physiographic divisions such as
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1. Westren plateau
2. Eastern plateau
3. Coastal plains

Western ghats

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• consists of oldest rock system.
• Types of rocks
  • Granite
  • Quartz
  • Archien gneiss
  • Schists
• Extension
  • Telangana
  • Anantapur
  • Nandyala regions of A.p
• Elevation
  • Average elevation
    • 150-750 m.
• Water flow by
  • Godavari
  • krishna
  • penna

Western Ghats consists of

• Western Plateau has madeup of 5 different rock stratas such as.
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1. Dharwar rock system
2. Kadapa rock system
3. Kurnool rock system
4. Rajhamundry rock system
5. Deccan traps rock system

Dharwar rock system :

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• It is made up of oldest sedimentary rocks due to the weathering of gnesis and schists. and extending from dharwar region of Karnataka to the Chittore district in A.P
  These rocks abundintly rich in minerals of Gold, Mica and Iron.
• Extension
  • chitoor district
  • Ananthapur
  • vijayanagaram
  • vishakapatnam
  • parvathipuram manyam
  • alluri seetharam raju
• #task/geography add image to dharwar rock system.

Kadapa rock system :

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• These were formed due to the weathering process of Dharwar rock systems in nearly above 50 crores of years.
• These are formed due to the deposition of Unfossiliferous clay, slates, sandstones and limestone in synclinal basins.
• Fossil remains could not found in these rocks.
• These rocks are rich in minerals like slate, quartz, Asbestoes, Mica, Limestone, Sandstone, Manganese, Copper, Cobalt, Nickle, Byraties, Steotite etc.
• Extended in the districts of
  • kadapa
  • Annamayya
  • kurnool
  • Nandyala
  • Ananthapur
  • Sathyasai
• #task/geography add image to kadapa rock system

Kurnool rock system:

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• The region of Kurnool basically made up of sedimentary rock systems.
• Metalic minerals do not found in these rocks
• These are rich in minerals like limestone, sandstone, shale etc.

Rajhamundry rock system:

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• These rocks are formed due to the over swells of the sea water on coastal margins
• They are present the regions of Thadepally gudem, Jagarlamudi, Nuziveedu, Thuni, Rajhamundri, Sangam, Kavali.
• Generally they are rich in minerals like petroleum and natural gas.

Deccan traps rock system:

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• These are formed due to the explode of lava in Penensular plateau region of India nearly about 140 m.ya, in the last quarter of mesozoic period and the begining of cretaecious period.
• Extention
  • East godavari,
  • West godavari,
  • Prakasham and
  • Guntur districts of A.P

Eastern Ghats:

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• Eastern Ghats runs almost parallel to the East coast of India and Deccan
• Plateau extending b/w Srikakulam to Ananthapur in all the districts of the A.P and having 60-70 km breadth, an average 1200m elevation.
• These hills basically madeup of with metamorphic rocks like charnockites and Khondalites in Odisha and Srikakulam, Vishakhapatnam districts of A.P

• It is a chain of highly broken and detached hills starting from the Mahanadi in Odisha to the Vagai in T.N. They almost disappear b/w the Godavari and the Krishna.

• At Vishaka district Eastern Ghats extending along with the coast and intruded against the sea. At a height of 10km, this part is known as Dolphin nose. It is protecting the Vishaka Port from siltation.
• They neither have structural unity nor physiographic continuity.
• Therefore these hill groups are generally treated as independent units.
• It is only in the northern part, b/w the Mahanadi and the Godavari that the Eastern Ghats exhibit true mountain character. this part comprises the Maliya and the Madugula Konda ranges.
• In Modgula konda region there are highest mountain peaks found, such as...
  1. Jindagada (1690 m) Araku Valley of alluri Seetharama raju district.
  2. Aroma (1680m)/seethamakonda Chintapalli of Vishakhapatnam district
  3. Gali konda (1643m) in Araku valley in alluri seetharamaju District
  4. Mahendragiri (1501m) Ganjam district of Odisha
• B/w the Godavari and the Krishna rivers, the Eastern Ghats lose their hilly charecter and are occupied by Gondwana formation (KG Basin is here)
• The Eastern Ghats reappear as more or less a continuous hill range in Cuddapah and Kurnool districts of A.P where they are called as Nallamalai Range (Naxalite hide out in A.P) with general elevaion of 600-850 m.
• The southern part of this range is called the Palkodna range.

The Eastern ghats has been called by different names in different regions, such as..

1. Srikakulam, parvathi puram manyam :: Mahendra giri hills

2. Alluri seetharamaraju - :: Dhuma and papi hills.

3. Visakhapatnam - :: Anathagiri, simhachala, yarad, dolphin nose cue-say

4. Guntur, palanadu,bapatla :: Bellampalli hills, Kotappakonda, Nagarjuna konda, Mangalagriri konda, vinu konda

5. Krishna mountains - :: Kondapalli hills, Moglarjpuram hills

6. Prakasham mountains -mnc :: Nallamala kondalu, Markapuram and cheemakurthi hills

7. Kadapa & Nellore - :: Velli kondalu

8. Nellore and tirupati borders :: Erramala hills, velli hills and pala hills

9. chittoor and tirupathi :: Shehachala hills and avula palli hills

10. Kurnool :: nallamala hills

11. Kadapa , ananathapur and nandyala :: yerramala hills

12. Annamaya :: pala hills (the pala hills in Madanpalli of Annamayya district locally called as Horsely hills and seshachala hills in tirupati)

13. Ananthapur, satyasai - :: Mallapa Kondalu, Madaka siri kondalu, Penukonda.

14. Kurnool, Nandyala, Kadapa, prakasam :: Nallamala hills (Larges hills ranges in A.P)

Coastal Plains:

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• These are located b/w Eastern Ghats & Bay of Bengal coast stretching from Vamshadhara river in Srikakulam district to the Penna river in Nellore district.

• Most parts of this coastal plain are very fertile as they are formed with the deltas by Krishna and Godavari Rivers. This plain bulges out and very broad at the central part, particularly in b/w Krishna & West Godavari districts. To a large extent this plain was formed with alluvium brought down by the Krishna, Godavari rivers.

• This plain is wellknown for marine land features like stacks, stumps, caves & dolphin nose along with the vishaka coast and a sickle shaped spit along with the Rajhamundry coast.

Kolleru lake

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• Biggest fresh water lake in A.P.
• spreads
  • eluru district in an area of 260 sq.km
• Rivers known as
  • Budameru
  • Upputeru
  • Ramileru
  • Thammileru will drained into this lake.
  • Among these rivers, the river will drained into the bay of bengal in Upputeru.
• cue TURBO
• It is the only wet land included in the ramsar convention of 1971, from the state.

Pulicat Lake

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• Saline water lake
• formed by merging point of penna river into sea in Tirupathi district.
• spread in 460 sq.km between the borders of A.P and T.N and it is most extensively spread in A.P(sulurpeta region in A>P)
• The major Islands located in Pulicat lake are sriharikota, venad, irrukkam islands.

Important point at glance.

• Rajhmundry rock system was formed in the state due to :: the over swells of the sea water.

• Kadapa rock system was formed due to :: the weathering of dharwar rock system..cue Kadapa dhada

• A.P land mass fundamentally madeup of with :: Archiean gnesis and schist rocks.

• Kolleru lake extending in the :: Krishna & West godavari district.

• The land form protecting Vishaka port from the Collision and siltation problem from the {{Dolphin nose}} hill.

• The lagoon located rare the river Penna enter into the sea - :: Pulicot

The lagoon extending in the borders of T.N & A.P - :: Pulicot.