03 chalukya
V
J
I
V
M
J
V-I
V-IV
V-II
V-V-
V-II
V-VI
AMMA
BETA
TALA
VIKRAMADITYA
BHIYA YUDHAM CHALU AMMA DHARSANAM
SHAKTIVARMA
VIMALADITYA
RAJA RAJA
SHAKTIVARMA
VIMALADITYA
EARLY EASTERN CHALUKYAN KINGS
(i) Kubja Vishnuvardhana (624-641 A.D.)
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JAYASIMHA TO VISHNUVARDHANA
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VISHNUVARDHANA III (719 to 755 A. D.)
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VIJAYADITYA I (755-772 A.D.)
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- Judging from the titles that he bore, like samasthabhuvanasraya, Tribhuvanankusa, Maharajadhiraja, Parameswara, and Bhattaraka, Vijayaditya 1 appears to have been a king.
- A Rashtrakuta inscription of 769 A.D. states, that Yuvaraja Govinda II, led an expedition against the Vengi Mandala and reecived the formal submissions of the ruler of Vengi, that was offered to him in his victorious camp at the confluence of the Musi and Krishna rivers. Along with the surrender of treasure, troops and terrain.
- Obviously, the Rashtrakuta forces did not enter or occupy the Vengi Kingdom.
- On other hand, the Very nature of the successful march of Rashtrakuta Yuvaraja to the frontiers of the Vengi kingdom, where he was obviously met by ambassadors from the Vengi courts, with 'large presents, was an indication of coming events on the fortunes of the Eastern Chalukyas.
VISHNUVARDHANA IV (772-808 AD)
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- The Permangili and the Karumuru grants which probably belong to him, offer no historical information about him to us.
- However, there are valuble references to the Eastern Chalukyas history of his time in the contemporary Rashtrakutan inscripitons.
- Pampa leaves no room for doubt that Arikesarin I undertook the expedition on behalf of his master Nirupama Dhruva.
- The union of the royal house of Vengi and Malkhed, established peace in the coastal districts of Andhra until the death of Vishnuvardhana IV in 808 A.D.
- The subordinate position of the Vengi kings to the Rashtrakutas contined even after the reign of Dhruva and under his son, Govinda III, whose inscriptions claim that the ruler of Vengi was ever ready to carry out his sovereigns's behest.
VIJAVADITYA II (808-847)
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- The main events of this war are described in the inscriptions of his successors.
- In the Sataluru grant of his grand-son Gunaga. Vijayaditya-III it is started that he scattered the forces of the Gangas built 108 temples, dedicated to Siva and called after him as Narendresvara, and having defeated, at a war that lasted for 12 years, his own younger brother Bhima Saluke, together with the commanders of Vallabhendra i.e. the Rashtrakuta king, wrested from him Vengi and ruled over it.
- The Ponangi grant of the same king also confirms the 108 battles and the building of 108 shrines of Siva in all those fields of battles, and the construction of many Agraharahs, water-sheds, gardens, tankset all over Vengi to expiate the sins of slaying many people in the battle-field.
- This number 108 is obviously conventional and is not to be understood literally. It is however clear that Vijayaditya-II had to fight for every inch of the groud that he recovered from the enemy and reestablished the glory of the Vengi empire.
- He was known by his titles Narendramrigaraja, the lion among the men, Chalukyarama and Vikramahavala i.e., shining valour.
VISHNUVARDHANA V (847-849 A.D.)
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GUNGA VIJAYADITYA (849 TO 892 A.D.)
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CHALUKYA BHIMA-I (892-921 A. D.)
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- On the death of Gunaga Vijayaditya his nephew, Chalukya Bhima I, ascended the throne. His succession does not appear to have been peaceful.
- It was questioned by his dayadas, and specially by his paternal uncle, Yuddhamalla I, who obtained the help of the hereditary foes of the family, namely the Rashtrakuta king Krishna II.
- Though the details of this encounter are not clear, it seems to be fairly well settled, that the Rashtrakutas, at the outset carried everything before them, defeating the Eastern Chalukyan army, and occupying the greater part of their kingdom.
- In one of the engagements Chalukya Bhima was himself taken prisoner. But he soon regained his freedom, rallied his samantas or the hereditary vassals to the Eastern Chalukyan family under the leadership of Kusurrayudha I, the chief of the Chalukyas of Mudigonda and drove out Krishna Il and his allies, from the kingdom.
- Chalukya Bhima was now fairly well established in his ancestral kingdom and celebrated his coronation on Mesha chaitra, of Saka 814, corresponding to 14th April, 892 AD and assumed the official title, a Vishnuvardhana.
- To show his gratitude to his followers and specially to Kusumayudha. to whom more than any one else he owed his throne, he confirmed on him the Government of half of his kingdom and granted in addition the village of Kukiparru, at his instance to a Potamayya as an agahara free from all taxes.
- Krishna-II did not, however, give up his designs upon the Eastern Chalukya dominions.
- A few years later he sent another expedition under his intrepid general Dandena Gundaya, Comprising forces from Karnata and Lata.
- The expedition penetrated deep into the heart of the Chalukyan kingdom and reached the outskirts of the capital of Vengi.
- The Chalukya army under Irimartiganda, the king's brave son and heir-apparent, opposed them near Niravadyapura, the modern Nidadavolu, in the West Godavari District, and inflicted a defeat on them.
- In another engagement near Peru-Vangurn (in the Ellore taluk of the Western Godavari District) Dandena Gundaya was killed, and the Karnata and Lata forces were scattered.
- Vengi had once again been saved from foreign domination; but the valiant prince who led the Chalukya forces to victorious battle, himself perished in the fight, leaving his disconsolate father to gather the fruits of victory alone.
- The remaining years of the reign of Chalukya Bhima I were uneventful.
- He was devoted to the worship of Siva and built temples in honour of the god at Chalukya-Bhimavaram and Draksharamam in the Eastern Godavari District.
- Chalukya Bhima ruled for thirty years and died in A. D. 921, leaving the kingdom to Vijayaditya VI, the eldest of his surviving sons.
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VIJAYADITYA IV (921 A. D.)
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AMMA 1 921-927 A. D.)
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- There is however little evidence to show that Amma I, had any connection with the foundations of this city.
- Tradition prevalent in Vengi in the 14th Century A.D. attributes it to Rajaraja, the son of Vimaladitya, who also had the title Rajamahendra.
SHORT REIGNS OF SEVERAL KINGS
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CHALUKYA BHIMA -II (934-945 A. D.)
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AMMA-II (945-970 A. D.)
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DANARNAVA (970-973 A. D.)
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- When Saktivarma I, the son of Danarnava regained the ancient ancestral kingdom.
THE TELUGU CHOLA INTERREGNUM
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RESTORATION OF THE EASTERN CHALUKYAN LINE
i) Saktivarma I
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(ii) Vimaladitya (1011 to 1018 A. D):
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iii) Rajaraja Narendra (1011 to 22-61 A.D):
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(iv) Saktivarma II (1061 A. D.):
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(v) Vijayaditya VII:
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(vi) End Of the Eastern Chalukyan rule:
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graph TB
A[Vijayaditya's Death] --> B[Vengi loses independence under descendant of Danarnava]
B --> C[Retains some autonomy and treated as separate kingdom]
A --> D[Vengi loses distinctive character and absorbed into Chola Empire]
D --> E[Descendants of Rajaraja Narendra rule Vengi for another half century]
E --> F[Descendants no longer live in Vengi]
F --> G[Abandon native home and family name, adopt Chola name]
G --> H[Great Kulothunga I, son of Rajaraja Narendra, becomes Chola Emperor]
H --> I[Kulothunga bestows Vengi kingdom on Vijayaditya, his paternal uncle]
I --> J[Vijayaditya rules for 15 years]
J --> K[After Vijayaditya's death, Chola Emperor appoints Mummadi Chola as regent]
K --> L[Mummadi Chola rules for a year]
L --> M[After Mummadi Chola, Vira Chola appointed]
M --> N[Vira Chola rules for 25 years, dies in Vengi]
N --> O[Followed by Parantaka]
O --> P[Vengi ruled by representatives of Cholas]
P --> Q[Later, power rises and consolidates Andhra Empire again]- With the death of Vijayaditya, the Eastern Chalukyan dynasty came to an end.
- Though Vengi lost her independence under the descendant of Danarnava she enjoyed a certain amount of autonomy and was treated throughout as a separate kingdom.
- After Vijayaditya death, she lost her distinctive character and became completely absorbed in the Chola Empire.
- The descendants of Rajaraja Narendra did in fact rule the destinies of the Vengi for another half century, but they no longer lived in that country.
- They abandoned their native home, relinquished their family name and tradition and gloried in the name of Chola which they adopted on succeeding to the empire of Cholas.
- The great Kulothunga I, the Chola emperor was the son of Rajaraja Narendra of Vengi.
- Kulothunga bestowed on Vijayaditya, his paternal uncle the Vengi kingdom.
- Vijayaditya ruled for fifteen years.
- After his death the Chola emperor appointed his son, Mummadi Chola as regent and he ruled for a year.
- After Mummadi Chola, Vira Chola was appointed.
- He, after a reign of twenty five years, met his death in Vengi itself.
- He was followed by Parantaka.
- The country came to be ruled later by representatives of Cholas until, later, the power rose up and consolidated the Andhra Empire again.
THE GOVERNMENT AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS UNDER EASTERN CHALUKYAS
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT :
- On the system of Government and the social conditions under the Eastern Chalukyas.
- We get fairly detailed information from the inscriptions of the period.
- Though the Government was based upon the system prevailing under the Western Chalukyas of Badami, still Vengi developed, in the course of centuries, peculiar features of its own.
- External influences also continued to flow from the Rashtrakutas, the Cholas, and the Chalukyas of Kalyani with all of whom the Eastern Chalukyas had long and intimate contact, now friendly, now hostile.